Mark Rothko, a pioneer of Abstract Expressionism, was born in Latvia in 1903 to a Jewish family. In 1913, his family emigrated to the United States and settled in Portland, Oregon, to escape the country's political turmoil. A bright student, Rothko graduated from high school with honors and went to Yale University on a scholarship. However, after two years, he left without completing his degree. He later moved to New York, where he began to study art and developed his early expressionist style.
In the 1930s, Rothko’s work gained recognition for its emotional depth and evolving themes, from urban life to mythology and mortality. The arrival of European Surrealists in New York during the Second World War led to the rise of Abstract Expressionism. Influenced by this shift, Rothko and his friend, Adolf Gottlieb, adapted abstraction to explore emotions and mystery through simplified forms. They believed art should be able to convey deep and complex ideas using minimal visual elements and literal depictions of the physical world. Rothko painted large rectangles to evoke a range of moods and messages to the viewer. This style became known as Color Field painting.
One of Rothko’s famous abstract paintings is Orange, Red, Yellow (1961), an artwork that radiates fire, passion, and vitality. In 2012, it sold for more than $86 million at Christie's, setting a record at the time for contemporary art.